Marsden
Marsden Lime Kilns
Last Updated:
9 Jan 2025
Marsden
This is a
Kilns
54.972774, -1.369388
Founded in
Current status is
Extant
Designer (if known):
Scheduled Monument
The Marsden lime kilns evoke a tangible reminder of one of the North East's most understated staple industry - limestone. Across both the Tyne and the Wear, these kilns dotted the landscape to burn lime which in turn was used in almost every supply chain along the rivers.
It was intrinsically connected to the quarry next door which, like the iteration at Fulwell, sourced huge quantities of limestone. Wagons of the stuff was transported via a small tramway to the top of these limekilns, where they were then dropped and burned. The prevailing product, quicklime, was and is used for all sorts - mortar, cement and plaster in construction, fertiliser, tanning, medicine and bleaching. "Marsden Lime", noted as the highest class of quality, was locally sold at Park Lane Gateshead, Victoria Road at South Shields., Railway Street at Newcastle and Elizabeth Street at Byker. This is one set of many still visible across Tyne & Wear - Southwick & Ford are nearby examples.
There's great variation in the kilns we see at Marsden. The earlier coarsed stone kilns are from around the 1870s when the colliery railway was first instituted, and the lovely circular brick kilns some decades after in 1895.
The lime kilns have remained preserved thanks to their historic interest, and money has been invested over the years by the council for information boards and floodlighting. They were marked at risk in 1998, but they appear well looked after today despite limited calls for demolition.
Listing Description (if available)
Both of these Ordnance Survey maps from the 1890s and 1960s illustrate the original Marsden pit village, the lime kilns and the railway network navigating to the quarry and colliery.
Our kilns can be seen at the top of both maps, featuring a string of sidings aligning to the top of the kilns for stone to be dropped down. They were then met with wagons on a lower level to export down to South Shields for local and regional sale.
We can also assess the site of the original Marsden village, established by the Whitburn Coal Co. to provide housing to the men working at the nearby pit and their families. Houses started popping up here from the late 1870s to the 1890s, when the colliery employed over 1000 people. That meant the majority of them lived right next door to the pit, reducing any chance of truancy!
The properties were single storey cottages very reminiscent of Sunderland cottages in half a dozen rows of all sorts of lengths. They had their own allotments next to the lighthouse as well as a post office, Primitive Methodist chapel and tin mission room on the main lane to Whitburn. Only the post office survives.
Today, we still find the earthworks of the gardens and houses - knocked down around the same time as the closure of the pit in 1968 and just after the map above.
We also notice the Coast Road was modernised in the 20s allowing a proper laid between Sunderland and South Shields.
The 1839 tithe award of Whitburn (held by Durham University) shows the area was absent of development pre-quarry and colliery. It consisted only of farmland and pasture owned by Thomas Baines Esq, occupied by both himself from Lizard House and part leased to William Dunn of Hope House. Both Lizards and Hope House still exist, these being the only recognisable features of this land pre-1860s.
With this said, there were limestone quarries here pre-intensive industrialisation. One is marked as old, implying operations ceased by the late 1830s. It was owned by Baines too, but there is no signs of kilns.
The Lime Kilns in December 2024
The Lime Kilns in the 1960s, just after closure. Unknown original source.
The very impressive structure at full swing while in operation. Note the quarry railway was 2' gauge, so was not compatible with the mainline network. Unknown original source.