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Marsden

Marsden Lime Kilns

Last Updated:

9 Jan 2025

Marsden

This is a

Kilns

54.972774, -1.369388

Founded in 

1870s

Current status is

Extant

Designer (if known):

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Scheduled Monument

The Marsden lime kilns evoke a tangible reminder of one of the North East's most understated staple industry - limestone. Across both the Tyne and the Wear, these kilns dotted the landscape to burn lime which in turn was used in almost every supply chain along the rivers.

It was intrinsically connected to the quarry next door which, like the iteration at Fulwell, sourced huge quantities of limestone. Wagons of the stuff was transported via a small tramway to the top of these limekilns, where they were then dropped and burned. The prevailing product, quicklime, was and is used for all sorts - mortar, cement and plaster in construction, fertiliser, tanning, medicine and bleaching. "Marsden Lime", noted as the highest class of quality, was locally sold at Park Lane Gateshead, Victoria Road at South Shields., Railway Street at Newcastle and Elizabeth Street at Byker. This is one set of many still visible across Tyne & Wear - Southwick & Ford are nearby examples.

There's great variation in the kilns we see at Marsden. The earlier coarsed stone kilns are from around the 1870s when the colliery railway was first instituted, and the lovely circular brick kilns some decades after in 1895.

The lime kilns have remained preserved thanks to their historic interest, and money has been invested over the years by the council for information boards and floodlighting. They were marked at risk in 1998, but they appear well looked after today despite limited calls for demolition.

Listing Description (if available)

Post Medieval lime kilns at Marsden. The kilns include a range of conventional stone-built structures and two detached circular plan brick-built kilns. They operated from 1874 to the 1960s. The site was located on a colliery railway line of 1870. The kilns consist of five construction phases illustrating a marked expansion in production over time. The earliest are of roughly random dressed corsed sandstone masonry with a single pot and and two round-headed segmental arches. several additions have been made to this kiln on the North side. The first two are nearly identical , with two pots and four lintelled drawhole recess, although the second bank has a more sophisticated masonry dressing. The fourth bank at the North end is of similar masonry and architectural design, but has two pots and five lintelled drawhole recesses. A large masonry access ramp, with single buttress, descends north from the top of the north side. The drawhole recesses each have two or three drawing eyes. The facade of the stone-built kilns includes four massive lateral girders fixing numerous internal expansion bars. A much later and architecturally contrasting bank of kilns was added to the south end. These consist of two circular brick -built kilns wrapped in numerous iron expansion bands. each has a single pot although one has a single eye while the other has a single arch and three eyes. In front of the kilns is a 1950s brick and concrete platform with convered railway siding beneath. Openings in the roof alowed lome to be loaded directly into the waggons below. Scheduled.

Both of these Ordnance Survey maps from the 1890s and 1960s illustrate the original Marsden pit village, the lime kilns and the railway network navigating to the quarry and colliery.

Our kilns can be seen at the top of both maps, featuring a string of sidings aligning to the top of the kilns for stone to be dropped down. They were then met with wagons on a lower level to export down to South Shields for local and regional sale.

We can also assess the site of the original Marsden village, established by the Whitburn Coal Co. to provide housing to the men working at the nearby pit and their families. Houses started popping up here from the late 1870s to the 1890s, when the colliery employed over 1000 people. That meant the majority of them lived right next door to the pit, reducing any chance of truancy!

The properties were single storey cottages very reminiscent of Sunderland cottages in half a dozen rows of all sorts of lengths. They had their own allotments next to the lighthouse as well as a post office, Primitive Methodist chapel and tin mission room on the main lane to Whitburn. Only the post office survives.

Today, we still find the earthworks of the gardens and houses - knocked down around the same time as the closure of the pit in 1968 and just after the map above.

We also notice the Coast Road was modernised in the 20s allowing a proper laid between Sunderland and South Shields.

The 1839 tithe award of Whitburn (held by Durham University) shows the area was absent of development pre-quarry and colliery. It consisted only of farmland and pasture owned by Thomas Baines Esq, occupied by both himself from Lizard House and part leased to William Dunn of Hope House. Both Lizards and Hope House still exist, these being the only recognisable features of this land pre-1860s.

With this said, there were limestone quarries here pre-intensive industrialisation. One is marked as old, implying operations ceased by the late 1830s. It was owned by Baines too, but there is no signs of kilns.

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The Lime Kilns in December 2024

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The Lime Kilns in the 1960s, just after closure. Unknown original source.

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The very impressive structure at full swing while in operation. Note the quarry railway was 2' gauge, so was not compatible with the mainline network. Unknown original source.

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